U Nu
(1907–1995)
U Nu, also known as Thakin Nu, was the first Prime Minister of independent Burma and a leading figure in the country’s struggle for freedom from British colonial rule. He was known for his commitment to democracy, Buddhism, and non-violence, and served multiple terms as Prime Minister.
Early Life and Education
Born: May 25, 1907, in Wakema, British Burma (now Ayeyarwady Region).
Educated at Rangoon University, where he became politically active.
Joined the Dobama Asiayone (We Burmans Association) and took the name “Thakin” to assert Burmese pride and anti-colonial sentiment.
Role in the Independence Movement
A close associate of General Aung San, U Nu was a member of the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL), the main political force fighting for independence.
After Aung San’s assassination in 1947, U Nu emerged as a leading figure in the movement.
Prime Minister of Burma
First Term: 1948–1956
He led the country after it gained independence on January 4, 1948. He focused on rebuilding the war-torn nation and managing ethnic insurgencies.
Second Term: 1957–1958
After briefly stepping down, he resumed office but faced political instability and a divided AFPFL.
Third Term: 1960–1962
U Nu returned to power with a strong majority and declared Buddhism as the state religion, a move that sparked discontent among non-Buddhist minorities.
Overthrow and Later Life
In 1962, General Ne Win staged a military coup, overthrowing U Nu’s government and establishing military rule.
U Nu was imprisoned and later placed under house arrest.
In the 1980s, he attempted a political comeback during a brief period of liberalization, forming a parallel government-in-exile, but it was not successful.
Beliefs and Legacy
U Nu was a devout Buddhist and incorporated Buddhist ethics into his governance.
He promoted non-violence, democracy, and spiritual values in politics.
Despite political challenges and eventual military domination, he is remembered for his role in establishing democratic foundations in post-independence Burma.
Death
Died: February 14, 1995, in Yangon, Myanmar.
Legacy
U Nu remains a respected figure for his integrity, patriotism, and commitment to democratic ideals.
His leadership contrasts with the military dominance that followed his era.
